Pre-lecture activity
Welcome to Lecture 3.
In this lecture, you will study language change, variation and the use of English as a global lingua franca. Before proceeding to watch the lecture video, please familiarise yourself with the technical terms referred to in the lecture. Please see below.
- Inner Circle: areas where people speak English as a native language (ENL)
- Outer Circle: areas where people speak English as a second language (ESL)
- Expanding Circle: areas where people speak English as a foreign language (EFL)
- Orthography: the conventional way of writing and spelling words
- Diachronic change: language change happening over time
- Synchronic change: language change happening at a particular point in time
- Loanword: a word that is taken (borrowed) from one language and used in another language without translation (e.g. sushi or karaoke taken from Japanese and used in English)
- Code-switching: to change between two or more languages when speaking, usually at a phrasal level
- Code-mixing: to mix two or more languages or language varieties during a conversation
- Pluricentricity: the state of having a linguistic quality of numerous accepted norms and forms
- ‘New’ Englishes: varieties of English that have been spoken in former colonies / territories of English-speaking nations